The act worked its way through the Senate until when it passed easily by a vote of 33 to 7. The House finally passed the Homestead Act on Februby the large margin of 107 to 16. The House took up briefly the homestead issue in December but postponed further consideration of it until the following February. When the 37th Congress convened for its brief summer session in 1861, now without members from seceded states, it was preoccupied with Civil War-related legislation. In 1860, during the 36th Congress, the Senate narrowly passed a homestead act but President James Buchanan vetoed it and the Senate failed its override attempt. House of Representatives passed numerous homestead bills but southern opposition in the Senate prevented enactment. The notion that the United States government should give free land titles to settlers to encourage westward expansion became popular in the 1850s.
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